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what is a participle?

In linguistics, a participle (from Latin participium, a calque of Greek μετοχη "partaking") is a derivative of a non-finite verb, which can be used in compound tenses or voices, or as a modifier. Participles often share properties with other parts of speech, in particular adjectives and nouns.
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The Participle is a verbal adjective, sharing in part the characteristics of both the verb and the adjective. As a verb it has both tense functions and functions which may be designated as modal functions, being analogous to those which in the case of verbs in the Indicative, Subjunctive, or Optative belong to the mood. For the proper understanding of a participle, therefore, it is necessary to consider (a) The grammatical agreement, (b) The use of the tense, and (c) The logical force or modal function. The first and second of these have already been treated, grammatical agreement in 116, the uses of the tenses in 118-156. It remains to consider the logical force or modal function of the participle. From the point of view of the interpreter this is usually the matter of most importance.
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The past participle will be important in future lessons covering the perfect tenses. To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs).
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